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第一冊

歡喜過好節

Volume I: Jubilant Festivals

文 | 林麗黛 許忠和
圖 | 陳維霖

臺灣年節習俗兼具原鄉傳統與臺灣特色,諺語生動描繪了臺灣歲時年節的生活與民間信仰,也傳達了祈求平安富貴與勸善的價值。

春節相關活動從農曆十二月十六「尾牙」到新年二月初二「頭牙」,農曆正月傳統稱為「新正」、「開正」、「正月」。一年三節指農曆年、端午節、中秋節,其他重要民俗節日還有元宵節、清明節、中元節、重陽節。《歡喜過好節》就依時序,介紹系列和年節習俗、祭祀、節氣、氣候等相關諺語。

臺灣年節的風俗毋爾有原鄉的傳統,嘛有臺灣的特色。諺語共臺灣一年四季的年節生活和民間信仰描寫甲誠傳神,嘛共祈求平安富貴和勸善的價值傳落去。

和春節有關係的活動對舊曆十二月十六「尾牙」,到新年二月初二「頭牙」,舊曆正月傳統號做「新正」、「開正」、「正月」。一年三節是咧講舊曆年、五日節、中秋節,其他重要的民俗節日猶閣有元宵節、清明節、中元節、重陽節。《歡喜過好節》就按照時間的順序,共和年節風俗、祭祀、節氣、氣候等等有關係的諺語規系列紹介予逐家。

The customs of the Lunar New Year celebrations in Taiwan are rich with original traditions that stem from abroad and at home. The proverbs vividly depict life during the Lunar New Year celebrations and the folk practices in Taiwan while conveying the longing for peace and prosperity as well as the importance of doing good deeds.

The Lunar New Year festivities start on weiya (bué-gê, tail celebration) on the 16th day of the 12th month of the Lunar Calendar until touya (thâu-gê, head celebration) on the 2nd day of the 2nd month of the coming new year. Traditionally, the 1st month of the Lunar Calendar is referred as “xinzheng”, “kaizheng”, and “zhengyue”. The 1st month of the Lunar Calendar is referred as “kaizheng” and also “zhengyue”. The three major holidays in a year are the Lunar New Year, Dragonboat Festival, and Mid-autumn Festival. Other significant folk holidays include Lantern Festival, Tomb-sweeping Day, Ghost Festival, and Double Nine Festival. Hence, “Jubilant Festivals” introduces a series of proverbs pertaining to the festivals, the respective customs, rituals, solar terms, and climates in the order of the respective dates they fall on in a year.

1.食尾牙面憂憂,食頭牙曲跤撚喙鬚
  • 食尾牙面憂憂,食頭牙曲跤撚喙鬚
    Tsia̍h bué-gê bīn iu-iu, tsia̍h thâu-gê khiau-kha lián tshuì-tshiu.
2.大摒厝,才會富
  • 大摒厝,才會富
    Tuā piànn-tshù, tsiah ē pù.
3.插香鬆,趁錢嘛輕鬆

  • 插香鬆,趁錢嘛輕鬆
    Tshah hiunn sang, thàn-tsînn mā khin-sang.
4.囡仔愛過年,大人驚開錢

  • 囡仔愛過年,大人驚開錢
    Gín-á ài kuè-nî, tuā-lâng kiann khai-tsînn.
5.散赤囡仔望過年,好額人新婦望後生

  • 散赤囡仔望過年,好額人新婦望後生
    Sàn-tshiah gín-á bāng kuè-nî, hó-gia̍h-lâng sin-pū bāng hāu-sinn.
6.甜粿硩年,發粿發錢;菜包包金,菜頭粿食點心

  • 甜粿硩年,發粿發錢;菜包包金,菜頭粿食點心
    Tinn-kué teh-nî, huat-kué huat tsînn, tshài-pau pau kim, tshài-thâu-kué tsia̍h tiám-sim.
7.食菜頭,好彩頭。食紅棗,年年好

  • 食菜頭,好彩頭;食紅棗,年年好
    Tsia̍h tshài-thâu, hó-tshái-thâu, tsia̍h âng-tsó nî-nî hó.
8.偷挽蔥,嫁好翁;偷挽菜,嫁好婿;跳菜股,娶好某

  • 偷挽蔥,嫁好翁;偷挽菜,嫁好婿;跳菜股,娶好某
    Thau bán tshang, kè hó ang, thau bán tshài, kè hó sài, thiàu tshài-kóo, tshuā hó bóo.
9.煙火好看無偌久

  • 煙火好看無偌久
    Ian-hué hó-khuànn bô guā-kú.
10.清明無轉厝,無祖;過年無轉厝,無某

  • 清明無轉厝,無祖;過年無轉厝,無某
    Tshing-bîng bô tńg tshù, bô tsóo; kuè-nî bô tńg tshù, bô bóo.
11.清明芋,穀雨薑

  • 清明芋,穀雨薑
    Tshing-bîng ōo, kok-ú kiunn.
12.正月痟查某,二月痟鑼鼓,三月痟媽祖

  • 正月痟查某,二月痟鑼鼓,三月痟媽祖
    Tsiann–gue̍h siáu tsa-bóo, jī–gue̍h siáu lô-kóo, sann–gue̍h siáu Má-tsóo.
13.未食五日節粽,破裘毋甘放

  • 未食五日節粽,破裘毋甘放
    Buē tsia̍h Gōo-ji̍t-tseh tsàng, phuà hiû m̄-kam pàng.

14.午時水啉一喙,較好補藥食三年

  • 午時水啉一喙,較好補藥食三年
    Gōo-sî-tsuí lim tsi̍t tshuì, khah hó póo-io̍h tsia̍h sann nî.
15.七月半鴨仔,毋知死活

  • 七月半鴨仔,毋知死活
    Tshit-gue̍h-puànn ah-á, m̄ tsai sí-ua̍h.
16.月驚十九,年驚中秋,人驚四九

  • 月驚十九,年驚中秋,人驚四九
    Gue̍h kiann si̍p-kiú, nî kiann Tiong-tshiu, lâng kiann sù-kiú.
17.八月中秋雨,節後雨水多

  • 八月中秋雨,節後雨水多
    Peh–gue̍h Tiong-tshiu hōo, tseh āu hōo-tsuí to.
18.過了中秋暗暝,一暝寒過一暝

  • 過了中秋暗暝,一暝寒過一暝
    Kuè liáu Tiong-tshiu àm-mê, tsi̍t mê kuânn kuè tsi̍t mê.
19.風吹斷落塗,搶甲溶糊糊;風吹斷了線,家伙去一半

  • 風吹斷落塗,搶甲溶糊糊;風吹斷了線,家伙去一半
    Hong-tshue tn̄g lo̍h-thôo, tshiúnn kah iûnn-kôo-kôo, hong-tshue tn̄g liáu suànn, ke-hué khì tsi̍t-puànn.
20.做雞做鳥無了時,緊行緊出世,出世好額人囝兒

  • 做雞做鳥無了時,緊行緊出世,出世好額人囝兒
    Tsò ke tsò tsiáu bô-liáu-sî, kín kiânn kín tshut-sì, tshut-sì hó-gia̍h-lâng kiánn-jî.
21.一賭二輸三總贏 ; 啥人贏,東官贏

  • 一賭二輸三總贏 ; 啥人贏,東官贏
    It tóo jī su sann tsóng iânn, siánn-lâng iânn, tong-kuann iânn.
22.一更散,二更富,三更起大厝,四更五更走袂赴

  • 一更散,二更富,三更起大厝,四更五更走袂赴
    It-kenn sàn, jī-kenn pù, sann-kenn khí tuā-tshù, sì-kenn gōo-kenn tsáu bē-hù.